Respiratory Protection Program
Reviewed
January 2011
The purpose
of the Respiratory Protection
Program is to ensure that all employees have adequate respiratory
protection in the workplaces on the Oklahoma State University
campus where engineering controls or work practices are inadequate
or not feasible to reduce the exposure to airborne contaminates.
In all cases,
engineering controls must be considered and implemented to the extent that they are
feasible.
Definitions
are found in Appendix C of this document.
This Program
shall cover all Oklahoma State University employees on the Stillwater campus who wear
respiratory protection during work activities and those who anticipate wearing respiratory
equipment during an emergency incident. This Respiratory Protection Program
specifically excludes those employees whose primary job function is to abate or work with
asbestos. A separate Asbestos Respiratory Protection Program has been developed to
specifically address asbestos and asbestos employees.
Oklahoma State University shall provide respirators, training, fit testing, and medical evaluations at no cost to the employee.
- The Designated Program Administrator shall be the Environmental Hazards Coordinator (EHC) of the Environmental Health & Safety Department, or his/her designated respresentative.
- The EHC shall have the authority to make decisions and implement changes to the Program as necessary.
- The EHC shall administer/oversee the Program.
- The EHC shall conduct the required evaluations of Program effectiveness.
- The EHC shall ensure that all respirator users are properly trained and fit tested.
- The EHC shall ensure that all employees who wear a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece shall be fit tested before use in the workplace.
- The EHC shall provide a copy of the Respiratory Protection Program to the OSU Wellness Center (Employee Health Clinic).
- The EHC shall assist departments in identifying, evaluating, and surveying work areas that require respiratory protection.
- The EHC shall maintain required records.
This section refers to those supervisory personnel who have at least one work
area that requires the use of respiratory equipment. Supervisory personnel would
include such people as foremen, superintendents, etc.
- Supervisors
shall be trained and familiarized with this Program.
- Supervisors
shall ensure that workers are identified, medically evaluated, trained, fit tested, and
equipped for respiratory protection usage.
- Supervisors
shall ensure that respiratory euqipment is available.
- Supervisors
shall enforce the proper use and maintenance of respiratory equipment as necessary.
- Supervisors
shall monitor work areas to identify potential respiratory hazards.
- Supervisors shall coordinate and consult
with the Program Administrator on the administration of this Program.
- The
employee shall be responsible for the routine care and maintenance of the respirator.
The employee shall inform his/her supervisor for remediation of any problems with
the respirator.
- The
employee shall inform his/her supervisor of any respiratory hazards or any aspects of the
Program that the employee feels is not being adequately addressed.
- The employee shall maintain a facial
surface consistent with a proper fit of the respiratory device; i.e., no beards and
clean-shaven.
OSU University Health Services is designated as the Physician or
other Licensed Health Care Professional (PLHCP) as defined in 29 CFR
1910.134(b) for the University.
- The
UHS shall make the determination whether an employee is medically
fit to wear respiratory protection equipment.
- The
UHS shall determine what tests, evaluations, etc. are necessary to
make the determination whether an employee is medically fit to wear
respiratory protection equipment.
- TheUHS shall maintain records as prescribed in Recordkeeping.
Engineering
controls shall be used when feasible. Examples of engineering controls are:
- Changes
in the work process that reduce or eliminate worker exposure;
- Substitute
less hazardous chemicals or products for more hazardous materials;
- Enclose
or isolate the work process from the affected workers; and/or
- Use
ventilation to dilute or remove the contaminant.
This
Program covers the use of both air-filtered and air-supplied respirators.
Selection
of Respirators - General Requirements
- OSU
shall use NIOSH-certified respiratory equipment. A Certified Equipment List can be
found on the NIOSH website.
- OSU shall use respirators and cartridges that are:
Jointly
approved by the Mine Safety and Health Admininstration (MSHA) and NIOSH as specified in 30
CFR 11, and manufactured after any date; or
- Approved by IOSH as specified in 42 CFR 84. Only those
cartridges manufactured after July 10, 1998, shall be used.
- OSU
shall select and provide an appropriate respirator for the hazard. OSU shall use the
following as guidance in the selection: 29 CFR Parts 1910.134. 1910.135, 1910.1001,
1926.1101, 1910.1017, 1910.1045, and 1910.1051; the ANSI Standard for Respiratory
Protection Z88.2-1992; and any applicable federal and/or state regulations.
OSU shall identify and evaluate respirator hazards. Where OSU
cannot identify or reasonably estimate the employee exposure, OSU shall consider the
atmosphere to be IDLH. Criteria for this shall be based on the following:
- The
activity or process the employee will be engaged in,
- The
type of respiratory hazard. This would include the physical, chemical, and
physiological properties of the respiratory hazard or air contaminant;
- The
concentration of the air-borne contaminate that would be encountered in the work area;
- The
time spent wearing respiratory equipment;
- The
published TLV, PEL, EDLH, C (ceiling), STEL or any other available exposure limit for the
particular contaiminant;
- The
existence of a specific standard for a particular process or chemical that may require
specific respiratory protection equipment;
- The
actual and potential oxygen content in the work area's ambient air, i.e., the
determination of an oxygen-deficient atmosphere;
- The
capabilities and limitations of respiratory protection equipment used;
- The
ability of the cartridges to protect the wearer from the air-borne contaminants; and
The respirator-assigned protection factors.
OSU shall select respirators from a sufficient number of respirator
models and sizes so that the respirator is acceptable to and correctly fits the user.
-
If OSU determines that the atmosphere is an IDLH atmosphere, then OSU shall provide one of the following respirators for the employee:
- Pressure
demand SCBA minimum 30 min; or
- SAR
with auxiliary self-contained air supply; or
-
Respirator provided only for escape from IDLH atmosphere shall be
NIOSH-certified for escape from that atmosphere.
Oxygen deficient atmospheres shall be considered IDLH, unless
demonstrated that the oxygen concentration is 16.0-19.5% by volume. (Elevation for
Stillwater, Oklahoma is 986 ft. Altitude guidelines are found in 29CFR 1910.134,
Table II.)
Selection of Respirators for Non-IDLH Atmospheres
- OSU
shall provide respirators adequate to protect the health of the user and ensure
compliance.
- OSU
shall ensure that the respirator selected is appropriate for the chemical state and
physical form of the contaminant.
For protection against gases and vapors, OSU shall provide:
- Atmosphere-supplying
respirator or
- Air-purifying
respirator, providing that:
For protection against particulates, OSU
shall provide:
- Atmosphere-supplying
respirator; or
- Air-purifying
respirator equipped with a NIOSH-certified HEPA filter; or
- For
contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters
(MMAD) of at least 2 micrometers, an air-purifying respirator equipped with any
NIOSH-certified particulates filter shall be provided. To determine the class of particulate
respirator and cartridge needed, the following table shall be used:
Filter Classifications Under NIOSH 42 CFR 84. (Note that
additional restrictions may be needed when using particulate respirator.)
Minimum
Efficiency |
No Oil
Aerosol Exposure
(not oil-proof) |
Some
Oil Aerosol Exposure
(oil-resistant) |
Total
Oil Aerosol Exposure
(oil-proof) |
95% |
N95 |
R95 |
P95 |
99% |
N97 |
R97 |
P97 |
99.97% |
N100 |
R100 |
P100 |
- The
voluntary use of particulate masks in an area where respiratory protection is deemed by
the EHS to not be needed shall be limited to N95 masks only. These masks are
commonly referred to as "paper masks" or "dust masks."
OSU
shall provide a medical evaluation to determine the employee's ability to use a respirator
before the employee is fit tested or required to use the respirator in the
workplace. OSU will discontinue an employee's medical evaluations when the employee
is no longer required to use a respirator.
-
- OSU
has designated OSU University Health Services
as the PLHCP.
-
OSU UHS shall use the OSHA Respirator Medical
Evaluation Questionnaire
(Appendix D of this document) to gather pertinent medical information.
-
- OSU
shall provide an opportunity for the employee to discuss the questionnaire and/or
examination/medical results with the PLHCP.
- OSU
shall provide a follow-up examination to any employee who gives a positive response to any
question among questions 1 through 8 in Section 2, Part A of the OSHA Respirator Medical
Evaluation Questionnaire, or whose initial medical exam demonstrates the need for a
follow-up medical examination.
The follow-up medical examination shall include any medical tests,
consultation, or diagnostic procedures that the PLHCP deems necessary to make a final
determination.
-
Administration of the medical questionnaire and examinations
The OSHA Respirator Medical Evaluation Questionnaire shall be administered
confidentially during the employee's normal working hours or at a time and place
convenient to the employee. If the employee needs assistance in filling out or
understanding the questionnaire, the Wellness Center will provide assistance, so as to
maintain confidentiality.
-
OSU shall provide the PLHCP the following information for each
employee. This information only needs to be supplied once, as long as there have
been no changes. If there are changes, OSU shall provide the PLHCP with those
changes.
- The
type and weight of the respirator
- The
duration and frequency of respirator use, including use for rescue and escape
- The
expected physical work effort
- Additional
protective clothing and equipment to be worn
Temperature and humidity extremes that may be encountered
OSU shall provide the PLHCP a copy of this Program.
The PLHCP shall provide a written recommendation regarding the employee's ability to use a respirator. In this recommendation, the PLHCP shall provide the following information:
-
Any limitations on respirator use related to the medical condition of the employee, or related to the workplace conditions in which the respirator will be used, including whether or not the employee is medically able to use the respirator.
-
The need, if any, for follow-up medical evaluations.
A statement that the LHCP has provided the employee with a copy of the PLHCP's written recommendation.
-
If the respirator is a negative-pressure respirator and the PLHCP finds a medical condition that may place the emloyee's health at increased risk if the respirator is used, OSU shall provide a PAPR if the PLHCP's medical evaluation finds that the employee can use such a respirator. If a subsequent medical evaluation finds that the employee is medically able to use a negative-pressure respirator, then OSU is no longer required to provide a PAPR.
At a minimum, OSU shall provide additional medical evaluations that
comply with the requirements of this section, if:
- An
employee reports medical signs or symptoms that are related to his ability to use a
respirator;
- The
PLHCP, a supervisor, the the Program Administrator determines that an employee needs to be
reevaluated; or
A change occurs in the workplace conditions that may result in a
substantial increase in the physiological burden placed on an employee. Examples are
physical work effort, protective clothing, and temperature.
Before an
employee wears a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must
be fit tested with the same make, model, style and size of respirator to be used.
The
employee must pass an appropriate QLFT or QNFT. (See Appendix B for procedures to perform a QLFT or QNFT.)
The
employee shall be fit tested:
- Prior
to initial use of a respirator, and
- Whenever
a different respirator facepiece (size, style, model or make) is used, and
On an annual basis.
The employee shall be given additional fit testing whenever the employee reports
or the PLHCP, supervisors, or Program Administrator makes visual observations of, changes
in the employee's physical condition that could affect respirator fit. Such
conditions are, but not limited to:
- Facial
scarring
- Dental
changes
- Cosmetic
surgery
Obvious
change in body weight
If
after passing a QLFT or QNFT the employee subsequently notifies the supervisor, Program
Administrator, or the PLHCP that the fit of the respirator is unacceptable, the employee
shall be given a reasonable opportunity to select a different respirator facepiece and be
retested.
QLFT may be only used to fit test negative pressure air-purifying respirators
that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less.
The
acceptable pass level for QNFT for tight-fitting facepieces:
- For
full facepieces, the QNFT pass level shall be equal to or greater than 500.
For half facepieces, the QNFT pass level shall be equal to or
greater than 100.
Fit
testing of tight-fitting atmosphere-supplying respirators and tight-fitting powered
air-purifying respirators shall be accomplished by performing QLFT or QNFT in the negative
pressure mode regardless of which pressure-mode the respirator is used in work practices.
Facepiece
Seal Protection
General use limitations. OSU shall not
permit employees to wear tight-fitting respirators under the following conditions:
- Atmospheric
oxygen content is less than 19.5% by volume.
- An
IDLH condition.
- Air
contaminant(s) is extremely toxic in minute quantities.
- Air
contaminant(s) cannot be sufficiently detected by odor or the odor threshold is at or
above the listed TLV or PEL.
- Air
contaminant(s) is highly irritating to the eyes, unless the worker is using a full-face
respirator mask or equivalent eye protection.
- The
selected cartridge is not rated for the air contaminate(s).
- A
fast cartridge breakthrough time for that particular air contaminant(s).
Concentration(s) of the air contaminant(s) exceed the maximum filter
concentration for that air-purifying filter as specified by the manufacturer.
- Workers
with facial hair that may interfere with the facepiece seal or valve function on fitting
respirators shall not use a tight-fitting respirator. This would include beards.
- Other
personal protective equipment such as head coverings, eye goggles, etc., shall be worn
outside of the respirator. They shall be worn in a manner that does not interfere
with the seal of the respirator. "Beard socks" shall not be worn between
the respirator and the employee's face.
OSU will provide respirator spectacle kits for those employees who
must have corrective eyewear. The kits shall be provided at no cost to the employee.
The respirator shall not be altered in any manner.
All cartridges, replacement parts,
etc., shall be from the same manufacturer as the respirator, e.g., use only 3M
cartridges and parts for a 3M respirator.
When wearing a respirator, an employee shall be permitted to leave
the hazardous area for any respirator-related reason. Some reasons, but not all, are
listed below:
- The
respirator fails to provide adequate protection.
- The
respirator malfunctions.
- The
respirator wearer detects air leakage around the face seal.
- The
respirator wearer detects an odor or tastes a chemical.
- The
respirator wearer has increased breathing resistance.
- The
respirator wearer experiences any illnesses or discomforts such as dizziness, nausea,
weakness, breathing difficulties, sneezing, fever, chills, distorted thought processess,
etc.
- The
respirator wearer experiences extreme discomfort from wearing the respirator.
- The
respirator wearer needs to wash his/her face and facepiece to minimize skin irritation.
- Components
(including air tanks) or purifying devices need change-out.
- The
respirator wearer takes his/her periodic break.
For all tight-fitting respirators, the employee must perform a user seal check each time they put on the respirator using the procedures
listed in Appendix A or procedures recommended by
the respirator manufacturer.
Procedures for IDLH
atmospheres - including emergency rescues
- Only
employees who have had specific training for IDLH atmospheres may enter an IDLH area.
- Employees
shall wear either a positive-pressure SCBA or an airline supplied-air respirator with an
escape SCBA.
- Entry teams shall consist of a minimum of two (2) people.
- A
minimum of two (2) additional, trained and equipped employees (standby team) shall be
posted outside the IDLH atmosphere to provide emergency rescue. Communication shall
be maintained between the entry team and the standby team. Equipment shall include
positive-pressure SCBAs or an airline supplied-air respirator with an escape SCBA and
appropriate retrieval equipment. Before the Standby Team enters the IDLH area for
rescue, they shall first notify the Environmental Health and Safety Department.
Storage
- The
respiratory equipment shall be stored in a manner that protects the equipment from damage,
contamination, dust, sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive moisture, and damaging
chemicals.
- The
respiratory eqiupment shall be stored in a manner that prevents the deformation of the
facepiece and the exhalation valve.
In addition, emergency-use resiratory equipment shall be stored in
the following manner
- The
respiratory equipment shall be stored in the work area where the equipment is readily
accessible.
- The
respiratory equipment shall be stored in compartments or covers that are clearly labeled
or marked as containing respiratory equipment.
- The
respiratory equipment is stored according to any applicable manufacturer's instructions.
- Replacement and Repair
- The
employee or his/her supervisor shall replace defective or missing valve flaps, gaskets and
head straps on air-purifying respirators. This is considered to be routine
maintenance and not repair.
- Repairs
shall be made by qualified technicians.
- The
employee shall immediately inform his/her supervisor of any repairs to be made to the
defective respirator equipment and take the equipment out of service.
- The
supervisor shall ensure that the defective respiratory equipment is either repaired or
replaced. He/she shall also ensure that the defective equipment is not used in the
interim.
- Cartridge Life (End-of-Service Life) and Change-Out Schedule
If available, the respirator wearer shall use the
End-of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI) to determine when to change out air-purifying
elements. If no ESLI is available for the selected air-purifying elements, then EHS
shall be consulted to determine a change-out schedule to ensure that the air-purifying
elements are changed out before the end of their useful service life.
The following factors may be utilized to estimate ESLI:
- The
relative humidity of the work area. Humidity above 85% can reduce an air-purifying
element's estimated service life by approximately 50%.
- The
type of air contaminant.
- The
concentration of the air contaminant. By reducying the amount of contaminant by a
factor of ten (10), the service life of an air-purifying element can be increased by a
factor of five (5).
- The
breathing demand of the respirator wearer. The harder and faster one breathes due to
work stresses, the shorter the air-purifying element's serivce life.
- The
presence of multiple contaminants.
- How
variable the contaminant's concentration(s) will be.
The breakthrough time(s) of the contaminant(s).
If the respirator wearer experiences any odor, taste, or irritation,
or experiences excessive breathing resistance, the wearer shall:
- Immediately
leave the contaminated area,
- Change-out
the air-purifying element(s) regardless of the ESLI change-out schedule,
- Adjust
the change-out schedule to shorter times, and
Contact EHS for possible changes to the existing change-out
schedule.
The respirator wearer shall change-out and discard any air-purifying
elements that have reached their ESLI, failed during use, become damaged or wet, or become
difficult to breathe through.
If conditions are causing the air-purifying elements to fail before
their ESLI, then EHS shall be contacted to determine if the job function requires the use
of a supplied-air respirator.
For those cartridges that do not have an
ESLI, a computer program such as OSHA's Advisor Genius can be used to determine a
change-out schedule. The web site for the Advisor Genius is http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/advisor_genius_wood/advisor_genius.html
- Breathing Air Quality and Use
Only compressed breathing air that meets the specifications below
shall be used for air-supplying respirators.
- Oxygen
in concentrations greater than 23.5% by volume shall not be used in compressed air
equipment. Oxygen in concentrations greater than 23.5% shall be used in oxygen
equipment only.
- Oxygen
content in compressed breating air shall be between 19.5% and 23.5% by volume.
- Condensed
hydrocarbon content shall be 5 mg/m3 or less
- Carbon
monoxide content shall be 10 ppm or less.
- Carbon
dioxide content shall be 1000 ppm or less.
There shall be a lack of noticeable odor in the compressed air.
Cylinders of purchased compressed breathing air
- Cylinders
shall be tested and maintained according to 49 CFR 173-178, "Shipping Container
Specification Regulations." (US Department of Transportation)
- The
supplier of the cylinder shall provide a certificate indicating that the breathing air has
been tested and meets the criteria for Class D breathing air.
The compressed breating air shall have a moisture level that does
not exceed the dew point of -50oF (-45.6oC).
Air Compressors used for breathing air
- For
compressors that are not oil-lubed, the carbon monoxide level shall be 10 ppm or lower.
- Oil-lubed
compressors shall have high-temperature alarms or carbon monoxide alarms.
- Air
compressors shall be located away from any source of air contamination such as the air
from the hazardous work area, combusion exhaust from the compressor or vehicles, or plant
process exhausts.
The moisture content shall have a dew point of 10oF (-5.56oC) or
below.
Breathing air couplings shall be different from non-breathing air
couplings.
Carbon monoxide levels shall be monitored. An in-line carbon
monoxide filter shall be used that meets the manufacturer's recommendations.
All sorbents and filters shall be labeled with a tag stating the
last change-out date.
All breathing air containers shall be labeled according to 42 CFR
84.
- Identification of Filters, Cartridges and Canisters
All filters, cartridges and canisters used shall be NIOSH-approved.
All labels on the filters, cartridges and canisters shall be labeled
and color-coded with the NIOSH approval label.
During respirator use, the labels shall not be defaced, obscured or
removed. The information on them shall remain legible. Any marking on the
filters, cartridges or canisters by the user is acceptable if the marking does not
compromise the integrity of the filter, cartridge or canister and it does not obscure the
information on the label.
Training and Information 
OSU shall ensure that the employee can demonstrate knowledge in the
following areas:
- Why
respiratory protection is necessary
- The
limitations and capabilities of respiratory equipment
- The
use of respiratory equipment in an emergency
- How
to inspect, put on and remove a respirator, and how to perform user check seals
- Procedures
for maintenance and storage of respiratory equipment
- How
to recognize medical signs and symptoms
General requirements of the Respiratory Protection Program.
The training shall be understandable to the employee.
The employee shall be trained before respiratory equipment usage.
Employees shall be retrained any time...
- There
are changes in the workplace environment where respiratory protection is used; or
- There
are changes in the procedures or policies of respiratory equipment usage; or
- Whenever
the employee demonstrates inadequacies in knowledge; or
- Any
other situation that might warrant retraining.
- Program Evaluation
The Program Administrator shall evaluate the Respiratory Protection Program for
the workplace. This Evaluation is dependent upon various workplace practices.
At a minimum, he/she shall assess:
- The
proper respirator fit on the employee.
- Whether
the respirator use is interfering with effective work performance.
- Whether
appropriate respiratory protection has been selected.
- Whether
the respirator is used properly.
Whether the respiratory equipment is used properly.
-
The Program Administrator shall talk with the workers about their respiratory equipment usage and its affect on them:
- Interference
with hearing or vision
- Fatigue
- Breathing
difficulties
- Interference
with movement or job performance
- Comfort
- Confidence
in using the respirator correctly
Confidence that respiratory equipment is performing adequately
- The
Program Administrator shall have any problems corrected.
Recordkeeping 
- The Program Administrator shall maintain a minimum of the following
documents:
-
A written record from OSU Univrsity Health Services that certifies
that the employee is medically fit to wear a respirator and any
limitations.
A written record of the last Respiratory Fit Test administered to
the employee. At a minimum, the record shall contain:
- Name
of the employee tested
- Type
of fit test used
- Make,
model and size of the respirator tested
- Date
of the respiratory fit test
Test results
A current, written copy of the Respiratory Protection Program.
The OSU Wellness Center, as the PLHCP, shall maintain all written
medical records of the employees who wear respiratory equipment.
Access to Records:
- Only
the affected employee and the PLHCP shall have access to the affected employee's medical
records.
- The
Program Administrator shall made available for review and copying the wirtten records of
an affected employee.
An employee is restricted to his/her records only.
- Voluntary Usage (Where Respirator Use is Not Required)
This section is for those employees who voluntarily use Dust Masks (Paper Masks)
when respiratory protection is not required. The employee shall either verbally or
in writing be given the information contained in Appendix D of 29 CFR 1910(134).
This information is also found at the end of Appendix D, "OSHA Respirator Medical Evaluation Questionnaire,"
in this document.
Appendix A |
Appendix B |
Appendix C |
Appendix D |
User Seal
Check Instructions
(Fit Check) |
Fit Test Procedures for Tight-Fitting Respirator Masks |
Definition
of Terms |
OSHA
Respirator Medical Evaluation
Questionnaire |
End of Manual 
|